What are Anabolic Steroids
Steroids, scientifically known as corticosteroids or anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are a class of synthetic substances closely related to the male sex hormone testosterone. They can be categorized into two main types: corticosteroids and anabolic steroids, each with distinct medical and non-medical uses, benefits, and risks.
Corticosteroids:
Definition and Medical Uses: Corticosteroids are hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands. Synthetic forms mimic their actions and are primarily used for their potent anti-inflammatory effects. They are prescribed to treat a variety of conditions, including:
- Inflammatory Diseases: Such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), and asthma.
- Allergic Reactions: Severe allergic reactions or asthma attacks.
- Skin Conditions: Like eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis.
- Autoimmune Disorders: Such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis.
Mechanism of Action: Corticosteroids work by suppressing inflammation, reducing the activity of the immune system, and decreasing swelling. This helps alleviate symptoms and manage chronic conditions effectively.
Administration: They can be administered orally, topically (cream or ointment), intravenously (into the bloodstream), or via injection directly into a specific joint or area.
Side Effects: Long-term use or high doses can lead to side effects such as weight gain, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, mood changes, and increased susceptibility to infections. These risks need to be weighed against the benefits when prescribing corticosteroids.
Anabolic Steroids:
Definition and Non-Medical Uses: Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of testosterone that promote muscle growth and enhance male sexual characteristics. They are abused by athletes and bodybuilders seeking to improve performance or appearance.
Effects and Risks:
- Muscle Growth: Anabolic steroids increase muscle mass and strength by enhancing protein synthesis in cells.
- Performance Enhancement: Athletes use them to improve endurance, strength, and recovery.
- Health Risks: Prolonged use or abuse can lead to serious health consequences, including liver damage, cardiovascular problems (e.g., heart attacks, strokes), infertility, mood swings, aggression (“roid rage”), and addiction.
Legality and Regulation: Anabolic steroids are classified as controlled substances in many countries due to their potential for abuse and adverse health effects. Their use without a prescription is illegal in most sports organizations and co